The nation on course to elect woman prime minister in landmark first
Over the last two decades, the country has had more than 10 leaders.
In fact, a specialist likens assuming the country's highest office to taking a "poisoned chalice".
But why does the country frequently replace leaders? This is partly because of it being a "one-party democracy", explains Prof James Brown of Temple University Japan.
The Liberal Democratic Party's control on the political landscape means the primary rivalry comes from inside the party, rather than from external parties.
"So within the LDP there are intense conflicts within different factions - they all desire their own clique to get the top job."
"Thus although you could be chosen as leader, as soon as you're in office, you have dozens of people manoeuvring to try to get you out again."
Main Reasons Behind Rapid Turnover
- Single-party rule limits external competition
- Internal factional rivalries drive power struggles
- The leadership role is frequently called a "poisoned chalice"
- Political stability stays elusive despite economic strength
